Aortic Valve Replacement
in India.

A narrowed aortic valve can make everyday activities tiring. Walking, climbing stairs or doing household work may cause breathlessness or chest discomfort. When the narrowing becomes severe, replacing the valve may help improve blood flow and relieve symptoms.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), also called Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), offers a less invasive treatment option for suitable patients. A specialist heart team assesses whether this approach or surgical valve replacement is more appropriate.

What Is TAVR or TAVI?

TAVR and TAVI are two names for the same procedure. A replacement tissue valve is delivered to the heart through a thin tube called a catheter, usually through an artery in the groin.

The new valve sits inside the existing diseased valve and takes over its function. The old valve is usually left in place. This approach generally avoids opening the breastbone.

What Condition Does TAVR Treat?

TAVR is mainly used to treat severe aortic stenosis, a condition in which the aortic valve becomes stiff and narrowed. This restricts blood flow from the heart to the body.

It may also be considered for selected patients whose previously implanted biological aortic valve has stopped working properly. This is known as a valve-in-valve procedure.

Who May Be Suitable for TAVR/TAVI?

TAVR is not suitable for every patient with aortic valve disease. The decision requires an assessment by a heart team that includes cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.

The assessment considers the severity of the valve problem, the patient’s general health and whether the procedure can be performed safely. Tests help the team compare TAVR with other treatment options and discuss the expected benefits and risks with the patient.

Assessment Before TAVR/TAVI

Before recommending treatment, the team may arrange:

• An echocardiogram: To examine the valve and assess heart function.

• A CT scan: To measure the valve area and assess the blood vessels used to deliver the replacement valve.

• A coronary angiogram: To check the arteries supplying the heart when needed.

• Blood tests and other health checks: To support planning and identify concerns before treatment.

Not everyone needs the same tests. Bring previous heart reports, details of earlier procedures and a list of current medicines. Tell the team about any previous reaction to contrast dye.

How Is the TAVR/TAVI Procedure Performed?

Before the Procedure

Your hospital will provide instructions about admission, fasting and medicines. Ask the team which medicines to take on the day of treatment, and do not stop prescribed medicines without advice.

The clinical team will also explain the planned access route and anaesthesia arrangements.

During the Procedure

The doctor introduces a catheter into a blood vessel, most commonly in the groin, and guides it towards the aortic valve.

A replacement valve made from biological tissue supported by a metal frame is delivered through the catheter. Depending on its design, it expands by itself or is expanded with a balloon.

The new valve sits within the existing valve. Once its position and function have been checked, the catheter is removed and the access site is closed. If the groin route is unsuitable, the team may consider another approach.

Recovery After TAVR/TAVI

Recovery is generally quicker after a catheter-based valve replacement than after open-heart valve surgery. However, the pace of recovery depends on the patient’s health and whether complications occur.

Before discharge, ask for clear guidance on:

• Looking after the catheter entry site.

• Gradually increasing walking and daily activity.

• Returning to work, driving and exercise.

• Attending follow-up appointments.

• Taking prescribed medicines correctly.

Cardiac rehabilitation may be recommended to help rebuild strength and confidence. Follow your treating team’s advice about activity restrictions and travel.

Medicines and Follow-Up Care

You may need blood-thinning medicine after TAVR to reduce the risk of clots. The type and duration depend on your individual treatment plan. Do not start, stop or change these medicines without speaking to your doctor.

Keep your discharge summary and updated medicine list available for future appointments. Before leaving hospital, confirm when your next review is due and whom to contact if you develop a problem.

What Are the Risks of TAVR/TAVI?

Possible complications include:

• Bleeding or damage to a blood vessel.

• Stroke.

• Leakage around the replacement valve.

• Heart rhythm problems that may require a pacemaker.

• Kidney injury.

• Infection, heart attack or death.

Although TAVR is less invasive than open-heart surgery, it remains a major heart procedure. Your specialist should explain your individual risk before treatment.

TAVR/TAVI Cost in India

Request a personalised written estimate after the hospital reviews your reports. When comparing quotations, check whether they include:

• The replacement valve and procedure-related equipment.

• Pre-procedure tests and specialist consultations.

• Procedure, anaesthesia and hospital charges.

• Monitoring and any intensive care required.

• Medicines and follow-up investigations.

• Additional treatment, including a pacemaker if needed.

Ask how complications or an extended admission would affect the total. International patients should also budget for accommodation, a caregiver and travel.

Choosing a TAVR/TAVI Hospital in India

A useful consultation should explain why TAVR is being recommended and how it compares with surgical valve replacement in your case.

Before choosing a centre, ask:

• Who will assess and perform the procedure?

• What experience does the team have with patients like you?

• Which valve is proposed, and why?

• How are complications managed?

• What follow-up will be available after discharge?

• How will care continue if you live in another country?